Mapping the Sierra Nevada HSU advanced geospatial students map a variety of topics to accompany text in a forthcoming book about Environmental Issues in the Sierra Nevada.

A new one-dimensional ocean wave model was derived and applied to the Humboldt Bay Channel. This model consists of the continuity equation and momentum equation which describe the incomprehensibility and movement of sea water. This model was digitized on a computer using the Octave programming language and simulations were ran for five different ocean swell scenarios. Wind generated this swell ranging in speed from 10 to 50 nautical miles per hour, yielding wavelengths in the range of 8.5 to 212 meters with wave speeds in the range of 2.8-14.8 meters/second. In all cases the measured speeds agreed the the theoretical shallow water wave speed.

Patrick’s Point State Park has experienced a tremendous growth of English Ivy that has causing a damage to park resources. The goal of this study was to accurately map English Ivy habitats, estimate coverage, and survey English Ivy colonization effects on tree trunks. The results showed that the English Ivy growth has decreased from 8.0 acres to 6.5 acres between 2015 and 2016 respectively due to park restoration activity supported by volunteer organizations. The English Ivy growth on tree trunks was significant for Western Hemlock and Sitka Spruce. With this project the park will be able to locate the most English Ivy spots that require attention, and monitor their growth rate.

We reviewed current research articles examining the complex relationship between gut microbiome and mood regulation in people. In order to collect our data, we completed a literature review on this topic. We found that there is a very strong relationship between the gut microbiome and mood in people. We observed mental health factors in relationship to mood such as stress, anxiety, and depression. As a result, worsened gut microbiome led to worsened mood factors. This topic has high importance due to how new the topic and research is, and how it affects human health, leading to future implications of treating gut microbiome issues more efficiently with the new knowledge on the topic.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) aka. trash , is one of many stressors on global climate change. An estimated 19,832,501 metric tons generated within a year alone in California. Accumulation of trash can spread into creeks and parks.Trash flow can be mitigated through the use of waste and recycling receptacles.This study observers bus stops that are in proximity to selected creeks and parks based on 100, 200, and 300 meter zones of the Arcata Red and Gold Bus Routes.The Red Route buffer zones intersecting greatly with nearby creeks and parks.Community members and stake holders can provide further input where receptacles are most beneficiary for local green-space and city planning cost.

The nitrogen inventory of Humboldt Bay has not been quantified in the last 50 years. Our goal was to compare and contrast the nitrogen content of the surface, sediments, biomass, and water column between Arcata and South Bay. Not only was nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium in the water column and pore water tested, but many other factors including: CTD, biomass, grain size, chlorophyll-a, loss of ignition, CHN, and metals. We used past peer reviewed papers to determine differences between the two study areas, and coupled NOAA cencoos and Wiyot data, with our own testing to get the best picture we could of Humboldt Bay. Testing spanned for three months in 2015: March, April, and May.

Currents can shape the structure and ecology of estuarine environments. Multiyear time series of current data measured by two Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) in Humboldt Bay, CA, one near the entrance channel and one at the Chevron Port, were analyzed to determine the contributions of the different harmonic frequencies. Spectral analysis of the time series data revealed that the flow is dominated by several tidal harmonics. The three dominant frequencies include M2, K1, and O1, but their contribution varies spatially between the two stations. Additional frequencies in the data indicate interference with topography as well as the more variable wind-induced currents.

The Arcata Marsh is responsible for treating the wastewater of the City of Arcata so it is clean enough to release into the ocean. After undergoing preliminary processing, treatment ponds are used to remove organic matter and pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater, using the symbiotic work of plants like the native broadleaf cattail (Typha latifolia), and the nitrogen-fixing and nitrifying bacteria that grow on their roots, to absorb these chemicals from the water. For this experiment, we observed cattail roots and root microbiota at the inlets and outlets of the pond using scanning electron microscopy, looking at the samples with up to 5000x magnification.

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Multiyear time series of current data measured by 2 horizontal SonTek/YSI ADCPs placed mid-depth in the water column at 2 different locations in Humboldt Bay, CA, a shallow, tidally-driven estuary in northern California, were analyzed to determine the contributions of different harmonic frequencies within the bay. Spectral analysis of the time series revealed that the currents are dominated by several tidal harmonics. The 3 dominant frequencies include M2, K1, and O1, but their contribution varies spatially between the two station locations. Additional frequencies in the data indicate overtides, as well as potential interference with topography and the more variable wind-induced currents.