This study investigated the effect of postural alterations (degree of forward lean and strategy) on running economy (energy consumed), kinematics (joint motion), and muscle activation during running. We found that running with a large lean resulted in a decrease in running economy and increased hip flexion such that the body increases its reliance on the less efficient gluteus maximus muscle. Furthermore, leaning forward increased gluteus maximus activation during stance phase, particularly when accepting body weight in landing. These findings suggests that running with an upright posture or more moderate forward lean, may be more energetically optimal.

The project is based on a review study being done to understand different types of early interventions (0-8 years) that are available to help young children and their families in improving the future outcomes of the children. In this paper, I define early intervention, present different areas and formats, list various programs available in the Humboldt County, and make recommendations for parents and professionals who work with them.

We hypothesized that a greater training volume would be produced using a training protocol where resistance is decreased with each set (DR) compared to a constant resistance (CR) protocol. In order to develop DRs, we used the subject's fatigue ratio (using an individualized regression equation) from a CR training protocol where the number of repetitions declines with each set. 20 active-duty male firefighters (mean±SD, age = 32± 7yr, height = 180±5 cm, body mass = 96±16 kg, fire service = 9±7 yr) completed 4 sets at 65% of their 1RM CR and DR bench press, lat pulldown, and leg press exercises to failure with 30 second rest intervals.

PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to examine the health-related physical fitness status of rural firefighters. CONCLUSIONS:Exercise programs for firefighters should focus on improving flexibility and body composition, while maintaining muscular strength and aerobic fitness to meet the demands of firefighting.

The recent legalization of cannabis in multiple states, and the growth of cannabis use in recent years, underscores the importance of understanding the relationship between frequency of cannabis use and mental health outcomes. Risks for cannabis use and negative mental health outcomes (e.g., anxiety, depression) are highest in emerging adulthood, supporting the importance of examining cannabis use and mental health variables in this population. The current study examined differences in borderline personality disorder symptomatology, demoralization, burnout, loneliness, anxiety, and depression between groups of young adults: those who reported no/infrequent, moderate, or chronic cannabis use.

The present study was conducted to develop a measure that indicates a fear of social rejection among students. Participants were 116 college students receiving credit in their psychology classes. Reliability was established through test retest and internal consistency. Validity used criterion, convergent, and discriminant validity: Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire, Social Phobia Inventory, and Yale Food Addiction Scale. Internal consistency and test retest were significantly high. Results from the RSQ and FSRS showed high correlation r=-.63, p<.001. The SPIN had a high correlation with FSRS r= -.74, p <.001. The results of the study indicated that the FSRS had validity and reliability.

Researchers have hypothesized a dose-response relationship between concussion history and decrements in neurocognitive function. However, dose-response evidence is uncertain among soccer athletes. Athletes from the HSU men’s and women’s soccer teams completed a computerized neurocognitive test before and after a soccer season. We observed no significant changes from preseason to postseason in ImPACT composite scores across any concussion group (p>0.05). Prior concussions did not result in immediate decreased neurocognitive function among collegiate soccer athletes. Participation in intercollegiate soccer for 1 or 2 competitive seasons does not negatively influence neurocognitive performance.

Academic procrastination is the intentional delay of starting or continuing progress on school-related work. Academic procrastination often leads to negative outcomes such as submitting late assignments, cramming for exams, and test anxiety. To assess this we created a 21-item Academic Procrastination Scale (APS). The APS showed appropriate criterion (r = .69, p < .000), convergent (r = .49, p < .000), and discriminant (r = .29, p = .001) validity. The APS also showed good internal consistency with an alpha of .88 and a test-retest reliability of r = .75, p = .000. Validity and reliability analyses show that the APS is a valid and reliable measure of academic procrastination.

We looked at the relationship between self-conceptual uncertainty and group identity-uncertainty. Study 1 provides evidence that group identity-uncertainty produces self-uncertainty, even when people have the opportunity to identify with relevant groups. Study 2 shows that group-identity uncertainty motivates disidentification from a group relevant to their uncertainty. These findings highlight the complexity of the self-concept, suggesting that group-identity uncertainty produces self-uncertainty as well as disidentificaiton with sub-groups related to the uncertain identity.

Changes in dispensary density by country in California